Hurricane Floyd :: essays research papers

A hurricane is easily the most powerful storm that mother-nature can throw at us. Every year people who live on the coasts fight hurricanes with no dismay. A hurricane is simply too strong. Their winds reach speeds of 75 mph. The winds around the eye wall can reach 130 to 150 mph. They are 200 to 300 miles in diameter. The number of casualties is endless, as well as the widespread destruction that takes millions of dollars to repair. Even if the hurricane doesn’t cause a lot of damage, the storm surge will. Storm surge is the great tidal waves that crash into our coasts and make huge floods that are caused by hurricanes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hurricanes are extremely large area’s of low pressure that are over the ocean in either the North Atlantic ocean, or the eastern North Pacific Ocean. If a hurricane is in the western Pacific Ocean than it is called a typhoon. One in the Indian Ocean is called a cyclone. The danger region of a hurricane is normally in the Gulf of Mexico or the Atlantic Ocean. The hurricane season is the six month time period from June-November. The peak month of hurricanes is September.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hurricanes form over the ocean. Easterly waves, what hurricanes develop from, are long, narrow regions of low pressure which occur in ocean winds called trade winds. At first, these easterly waves can grow into something called, a tropical depression. A tropical depression occurs when winds are up to 31 mph. Then tropical depressions can be upgraded into a tropical storm if the winds reach speeds of 74 mph or less. Then finally a the storm can be bumped up into a hurricane if the winds reach 75 mph.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The National Weather Service is constantly trying to provide us with data and other information about when and where hurricanes are forming. It has been said that the only way to reduce the number of fatalities in serious storms is to give people more warning time for them to go to a safer place. Many times in hurricanes people are told to evacuate there city or state. The more time that people have to do this the more that people will do this. Throughout the entire hurricane season meteorologists keep a close watch on the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. They examine pictures of the area taken by satellites, and also take information on air pressure, wind speed, and temperatures.

United Colors of Benetton

I  Executive Summary The United Colors of Benetton: a company of colors and controversies. Offering the world an insight to fashion, as well as, human equality and world issues, Benetton gives us stylish clothing and innovative promotion. While trying to capture an audience favoring Italian character in style and design, the company additionally desires to present the world with contentious campaigns to awaken thoughts and debates. These controversies are jeopardizing Benetton’s position in the industry, and its reputation of being trendily unique and committing to world harmony.II. Introduction The United Colors of Benetton (Benetton), an Italian based company, is primarily focusing its business on clothing and controversial advertising. Presented all over the world, the company is available to young and old in combined colors and stylish fashion. In the following pages a complete internal and external analysis of the company will be explained, as well as, a description of the company’s overall standing. The alternatives as seen are described to include the advantages and drawbacks of each alternative.Conclusively, a recommendation based upon all of the findings outlined is prescribed. III. External Analysis A. Customer Analysis Benetton sells women’s and men’s apparel, accessories, shoes and fragrances to clients that are mostly fashion-oriented women and men between the ages of twenty to thirty- five. Color’s is published in three editions and four languages, with a website that is both popular and praised by critics. The magazine is bi – monthly and reaches young people all over the world.Benetton is an interesting trans – national corporation that truly has a social conscience and tries to employ models who look like the human race–even featuring gay models who are HIV positive. B. Competitor Analysis The clothing industry is a very broad industry selling products ranging from pants and shirts to ac cessories. It is affected by the la test trends in design, models, colors and styles, and also by consumer preference. There are several similar companies selling comparable products, so competition is incredibly fierce. Benetton does not outsource any of its procedures, but is in charge of design, production and distribution.It is therefore difficult to compare the company with other organizations in the same industry since competitors can be smaller and concentrate on only one aspect of the commercial chain. Consequently, Benetton’s competitors were selected by viewing the  www. hoovers. com  web site. According to the organizations available here offering approximately the same products as Benetton the main competitors are Industria de Diseno Textil (Inditex), GAP and Hennes and Mauritz (H&M). It is assumed that these three organizations are Benetton’s closest competitors due to the fact that they target the same consumer segment.According to the CBS Market Watc h the competitors are not all present in exactly the same industry due to the fact that Benetton and Inditex actually produce clothing and fabrics, design and retail fashion products, while GAP only retails, and H&M retails and designs its goods. It is assumed that the exact industry is irrelevant because all companies still aim for the same target market and therefore compose a threat to Benetton. Furthermore, all four organizations originated from four different countries, but this is also looked at as unimportant because they are a global company with global customers. . Inditex Inditex is the closest competitor to Benetton because it is present on the stock market and it also designs and retails its fashion. It is a global company with more than 1,300 shops in almost 40 countries. It is most popular in Europe, just like Benetton, perhaps due to its origin: Spain. Inditex introduces new products by answering to popular trends presented by customers. The company has a larger marke t share than Benetton in the clothing and textile industry with sixty-eight percent compared to Benetton’s twelve percent (CBS Market Watch).This could be as a result of Inditex’s six banners compared to Benetton’s five, and also because of the fact that Benetton has been having several difficulties selling its products after its highly noticeable marketing campaigns were banned in several countries. Furthermore, Inditex is mentioned as number three hundred and ninety on the FT Global 500; the world’s largest companies list, while Benetton is not on this list (Financial Times). 2. GAP GAP is an American-based company with almost 4,250 stores worldwide. GAP only retails its products, but the company is a strong competitor toBenetton. GAP sells basic, causal styles for men, women and children. The company has three chains and all clothes are privatelabeled merchandise made specifically for GAP. GAP is on the Fortune 500 as number one hundred and thirty, and also on the FT Global 500 as number three hundred and forty-eight (Hoovers). 3. H&M H&M is a fashion company from Sweden. It has about 844 stores in 14 countries and is in the midst of developing further. H&M designs its clothes by using 90 different designers who create collections for women, men, teenagers and children.H&M’s intention is to uphold a high fashion content which is up-to-date within design concepts and at the forefront of the latest international trends (hm. com). The organization also sells underwear, sportswear, accessories and cosmetics. The competitive structure of the clothing industry can be explained as very assorted and complicated to plot. Organizations do not segment by age as much as by lifestyle or theme; for example, designer accessories, formal wear and casual wear. There are several channels of distribution available, such as catalogue retailing, department stores and outlets, as well as the typical brand store.The industry can be viewed as fai rly fragmented and there is a large amount of different chains available on the market. The industry is therefore highly competitive. Barriers to entry are low, and chains can expand quickly and grow large in size and popularity. Present companies have to struggle with new competition often and intensely. Companies are very dependent on customer preference and reputation can fluctuate distinctly due to modifications in, for example, fashion and image (Institute for Retail Studies). C. Market AnalysisToday, the Benetton Group is present in 120 countries around the world. Its core business is clothing: a group with a strong Italian character whose fashion, design proficiency and enthusiasm are clearly seen in the United Colors of Benetton and the more style-orientated Sisley brands; in The Hip Site, the brand for teenagers; and in the sportswear brands, Playlife and Killer Loop. Benetton’s sports goods brand, Prince (tennis racquets, footwear & apparel), has a 30 percent global market share, and Rollerblade In-line skates also has a 30 ercent global market share. Additionally, NordicaSkis (ski boots & mountain wear) has a 28 percent global market share. Ektelon Racquetball is the market leader. The Group produces over 100 million garments every year over 90 percent of those are in Europe. Its retail network of 5000 stores around the globe is progressively more focused on large floor-space points of sale presenting high-quality customer services and additionally generating a total turnover of two billion euros net, of retail sales.Benetton has experienced tremendous growth and above-average profitability over the years, and what makes it especially striking is the fact that it has been achieved in mature industry apparel in an apparently hostile environment – labor-expensive and unionized northern Italy. Benetton’s financial reports from 1996 to 2002 show growth and increasing revenue except in 2002; total sales in 2002 amounted to approximat ely 2. 0 billion euro, down from 2. 1 billion in 2001. The main reason for this loss is that the program for the disposal of the sports equipment business resulted in the steep decrease in turnover in the sports sectors.It hurt the Group’s overall performance. Moreover, Benetton’s communication campaigns played an important role in establishing its brand identity. On the other hand, they alienated the target market and Benetton retailers. For example, in Germany, Benetton’s second-largest market, partly because of the controversial print- media campaign, awareness of Benetton had significantly increased relative to other clothing brands, in part due to the controversial print- media campaign; however, measures of likeability relative to competing brands decreased.Also in 1995, several of the 600 German retailers that used to carry the Benetton line banded together in a boycott. Thus, the Group attributed much of its 1994 sales drop to the campaign. Additionally, the company partnered with Sears for a more affordable line of Benetton USA, then lost the contract when Benetton planned to release an ad campaign with death-row inmates. Thus, Benetton lost its place in the U. S. market, as the company became better known for its infamous P. R. than its clothes.The understated image of the Gap replaced the aggressive social advertising of Benetton in clothing campaigns as the 90’s came to a close, but Benetton is Europe’s largest clothing manufacturer and the worlds largest consumer of wool in the garment sector. As a result, the market share in the United States has gradually decreased, even in the European area. In contrast, the Benetton’s market share in Asia area has been increasing, for example in, Japan, Korea, and China due to being the Group’s core targets. In 2000, the revenues by geographical area showed European (74. %), the Amercias (12. 3%), and Rest of the world (13. 4%). However, Benetton’s 2002 r evenues by geographical area sho wed a different trend as European (68. 9%), the Americas (9. 6%), Asia (8. 9%), and other (12. 6%). D. Technology Analysis Using communication and information technologies is a very effective strategy for Benetton. The company is referred to as quick response, in which manufacturing, warehousing, sales and retailers are linked together. In this strategy, a Benetton retailer reorders a product through a direct link with Benetton’s mainframe computer in Italy.Due to the strategy, the company is capable of shipping a new order in only four weeks, and that is several weeks faster than most of its competitors. Furthermore, the company is using integrated information systems; therefore, the company checks daily sales data from its own boutiques, which is integra ted with CAD and CIM. Also, global EDI network links agents with production and inventory information. The EDI is ordering transmission to headquarters, and it links with air carriers, as we ll.Recently, Benetton planned to weave radio frequency ID (â€Å"RFID†) chips into its garments to track its clothes worldwide. The chips would help the Italian clothing manufacturer cut costs by eliminating the need for workers to take inventory by manually scanning individual items of clothing. It would also protect the garments against theft. However, the RFID chips could pose significant risks to customers privacy because they would allow anyone with an RFID receiver to locate customers wearing Benetton clothes, including companies that want to sell them their products.Therefore, consumers would be bombarded with intrusive advertising because a history of customers’ purchases and their identities would be linked with the tag even after they leave the store. It would weave the technology into the collar tags of clothes that cost at least 15 dollars to keep track of them as they ship. The RFID technology offers Benetton a number of advantages, not the least of which is its ease of use. Unlike a bar-code scanner, which must be held directly in front of the item being scanned, mployees with RFID receivers or shelves with the technology can scan entire boxes of items from up to five feet away. The technology would thus require fewer people to scan clothing items for inventory purposes. RFID technology also provides business managers easily with store detailed information about customers buying habits that could spur further sales. The tagging system may also save the company money by reducing theft, because the RFID tags can be programmed to set off an alarm if someone leaves a store without paying for an item.Similarly, the technology would make it harder for merchants to sell stolen or bootlegged versions of clothing in flea markets and other venues; a retailer who spots an item that she suspects is either stolen or illegally manufactured could check its origin using the tagging system. It may also help customers find the clothes they want in th e store and even make it easier for them to return items without a receipt because the store would have recorded the RFID tag. E. Socio-Cultural Analysis From a socio-cultural perspective, fashion is a cultural and societal issue that varies from culture to culture and from country to country.It also varies within a specific culture with time. A company like Benetton must monitor trends for new opportunities or threats because as the fashion trends change, so does the customer base, and the ethnic/multicultural consumer is the fastest growing segment. Clothing, however, is a visual representation, which fulfills the de sire of each individual who wants to be noticed in a society in a particular way. Because of this, the apparel industry will never falter or suffer abrupt changes, but will adapt and change due to various conditions.Linked to this phenomenon is the aspiration of different types of individuals with different desires to either have the newest or most significant types o f apparel, particularly in the industrialized nations. This requires participants in the industry to offer the newest styles of clothing in order to retain market share. Despite this overall socio-cultural trend, there is some indication that majority of consumers are not purchasing as rapidly as they have in the past due to the fact that the economy is recovering.Markets for lower-end brands continue to exist, however, in developing nations where individuals cannot afford the cost of newer styles. As a result, the fashion industry is an industry where the socio -cultural environment is of prime importance. The firms in this industry above all, must bring out new designs and keep†¦ —————————————————————————————————————†”—————Top of Form Bottom of Form

Analysis Of Jon Krakauer s Into The Wild - 1555 Words

Jack Sellas Period 2 ERWC Cagley December 9, 2014 Life on the Road? In Jon Krakauer’s Into the Wild, A young man named Chris McCandless decides to escape the annoyance of his current life and live on the road, he pursues an incredible journey of adventure, danger and companionship. McCandless is a narcissist and believes that he can overcome any challenges that he faces because he is independent and is smarter than the average person. Krakauer emphasizes that arrogance will lead to failure in life; Just like McCandless believed everything was going to work it ultimately caused his death. He directs his message to any adventurers seeking to begin a journey on the road. If one is focused and clear minded they will survive and experience a life changing pilgrimage, if one is egotistic and unorganized they will encounter a fatal tragedy. Krakauer’s message relates to his own personal experience, John Waterman’s climb, Gene Rosellini’s experiment and my own personal experience with my friends. Krakauer and McCandless both share a common interest for adventure and living on the road, however their approach to these interests is much different. McCandless ventured out to pursue his dreams with no experience living on the road; however he had high expectations for a life changing experience. His motivation for doing this was too escape his parent’s ignorance and to detach himself from society in order to restart his life and begin something new. It was his time to measure himselfShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Jon Krakauer s Into The Wild2135 Words   |  9 Pages In Into the Wild, Christopher McCandless (man) tried to exist as one with nature but finds through his journeys that nature is a force that will test men relentlessly, especially men who are unprepared. Nature is one of the world’s greatest marvels. McCandless understood that and chose nature over civilization. He believed civilization was a plague and there was only one way to cure that plague. That was to become one with nature . The background information of this essay will explore the needRead MoreInto the Wild: by Jon Krakauer1186 Words   |  5 Pagessense Krakauers natural liking for McCandless. He was sympathetic to McCandless, based on Krakauers sense of a shared experience in their youth and up until McCandless eventual death and Krakauers perceived near death experience on the Devils Thumb. I believe the author’s main point and perspective was formed from his own experience and relationship with his father. While the situations were basically reversed with Chris not approving of his father and Lewis Krakauer disappointed in Jon for notRead MoreJon Krakauer Is A Popular American Author1393 Words   |  6 PagesJon Krakauer is a popular American author. Most of his work covers the ventures of outdoor. The harsh conditions of life, faced by the heroic figures of different times. His widely read and distributed books include Where Men Win Glory: The Odyssey of Pat Tillman, Under the Banner of Heaven, Into Thin Air and Into the Wild. After winning the title of bestseller for his earlier account of heroic lives, Jon Krakauer again attempted to write a biography of an outstanding and exceptionally patrioticRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesLeadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture 2.4.1 Organization cultures [G.7] 2.4.2 Organization structure

Analysis Of John Locke And The Problem Of Personal Identity

Fatima Binyamin 500700419 Professor David Checkland PHL 201 – Problems in Philosophy John Locke and the Problem of Personal Identity Personal identity, in a philosophical point of view, is the problem of explaining what makes a person numerically the same over a period of time, despite the change in qualities. The major questions answered by Locke were questions concerning the nature of identity, persons, and immorality (Jacobsen, 2016). This essay will discuss the three themes John Locke presents in his argument regarding personal identity, which are, the concept of categories, substance vs. man vs. person, and the continuity of consciousness. Categories Locke argues that we cannot compare something until we have an idea of what category the thing being discussed will the placed under. He elaborates on this notion and argues that asking whether something is the same or not is very blunt and open. When asking a question about sameness, one could ask, Is Professor Checkland the same person as he was five years ago? instead of Is Professor Checkland the same as five years ago? The latter question is not acceptable, according to Locke, because there is no category under which Professor Checkland is being judged upon. The former, however, implies that Professor Checkland is being judged on the basis of whether he is the same person as he was five years prior. Identity of substance, man, and persons The categories substance, man, and person all have different requirementsShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke’s Theory of Personal Identity Essay1692 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Locke (1632-1704) said ‘To find wherein personal identity consists, we must consider what person stands for †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Locke, in set book, p. 275). Therefore, to recapitulate Locke’s philosophy on personal identity it is necessary to clarify how he inimitably used the term ‘person’ and consequently other words, such as ‘substance’ and ‘man’, which he utilized to form his philosophical ideas. Furthermore, his work on personal identity inspired debate amongst many subsequent philosophers and motivatedRead MoreThe Eternal Sunshine Of The Spotless Mind : An Analysis Of Memory, Relationships, And Identity Essay1198 Words   |  5 Pages Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind: An Analysis of Memory, Relationships, and Identity Jeszenia McGuire Elms College What was the worst thing that has ever happened to you? Perhaps you totaled your brand new car leaving the dealership, or you lost your dream job? Maybe you were bullied as a child, or were the victim of a crime. Did you go for a routine checkup, only to be told you an expiration date? Maybe you watched on as a pair of taillights faded into the darkness, as theRead MoreAnalyzing the Views of Mackenzie and Schechtman on Personal Identity1655 Words   |  7 Pagesand Schechtman on Personal Identity Introduction The concept of personal identity or personhood is a very complex area of philosophy that challenges our most basic understandings of mind and matter. Philosophers have generally settled into either the school of mind, or consciousness, and the school of body. As our ability to study the mind grows, through developments in psychology and neurology, consciousness-based theories have come to dominate the discussion of personal identity and body-basedRead MorePsychological Continuity Of Personal Identity1655 Words   |  7 Pagesaccount of personal identity over time. Under this context, â€Å"psychological continuity† is defined as continuous mental states over time. For example, characteristics of one’s mind such as sentience, memory, and other mental faculties, must remain an uninterrupted continuum over time to be considered psychologically continuous. Additionally, under this context, the term â€Å"person† will hereafter refer to beings that have mental proper ties. Under philosophical context, the term â€Å"identity† is generallyRead MoreAnalysis Of Eric Eriksons Eight Stages Of Identity Theory1423 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Identity or Self-concept is something that evolves or matures right along with us; it changes from physical concepts to more complex thoughts. (Damon Hart, 1988) Questions like Who am I? and What is my Purpose? Have perplexed humanities greatest philosophers; the complexity of these questions has even created a study of purpose; Teleology, the study of purpose. John Locke held that personal identity is a matter of psychological continuity. He considered the self to be founded on consciousnessRead MoreMax Hallmans Traversing Philosophical Boundaries3864 Words   |  16 Pagesexplores the concepts of self and unself through texts written by philosophers throughout time. Both the articles On Personal Identity by John Locke and There is No Personal Identity by David Hume illustrate the various opinions that have been expressed through history regarding how humans define themselves and how human beings as a whole group create and individuate identity. Other essays in the text which foc us on conceptions of the self include Cicles by Ralph Waldo Emerson, The NatureRead More Locke On Distribution Essay3207 Words   |  13 Pagesold Oxford gradÕs theory of property. Some are shouting from the left that Locke argues a rights claim for subsistence for all individuals, that it may even support MarxÕs theory of exploitation. Yelling back are those from the right who claim that he formulates a moral justification for capitalist appropriation of property. Then of course there are those somewhere in between who are telling everyone to shut up because Locke wrote the damn thing over three hundred years ago in the political contextRead More Marxist Locke Essays2522 Words   |  11 PagesMarxist Locke Karl Marx and John Locke both place a great deal of importance in both labour and property in discussing their political philosophies. At first glance, the two thinkers seem to possess completely different ideas on property, its importance, and the form of society which should grow from it. The disparity in their beliefs is evident, but they share a similar approach to labour and acceptable conditions while constructing philosophies which inherently attack each other. Locke’s suggestionRead MoreGuidelines And Books For Teaching Essay1681 Words   |  7 Pagesas language preferences and family lifestyles combined should be key elements of a curriculum. Teachers play a leading role in child skill development as the facilitators. Teachers‘needs, personalities, cultural backgrounds, interests as well as personal insight combined are a critical third element in the development of a curriculum. Putting The Holostic Child into perspective Holistic child development and learning encompasses all areas of development. It also includes family, community andRead MoreOrigins of Behaviorism Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pages Behaviourism originated with the work of John B. Watson from 1913. Behaviourism is based on the following sets of claims: (1) Psychology is the study of behaviour. Psychology is not the science of mind. This statement also forms a type of behaviourism: â€Å"Methodological† behaviourism

The Rising Cost Of College - 977 Words

Regardless of what your major may be, college offers you knowledge that you will use throughout your entire life. It arms you with skills such as communication, critical thinking, analytical capabilities, cultural literacy and leadership. John Henry Newman believed that acquiring such skills was the most important aspect of college and that its purpose was â€Å"training good members of society† (53). However at some point there was a shift in opinion as to what the purpose of college is, people began to see it simply as a means to an end, a pathway to financial stability. Dan Berrett, a writer for The Chronicle of Higher Education, attributes part of this change to President Ronald Reagan. Berrett writes that on February 28, 1967, then California governor Ronald Reagan, said â€Å"†¦we do believe that there are certain intellectual luxuries that perhaps we could do without,† he was referring to liberal education (qtd. in Berrett). The rising cost of college has al so influenced the way people feel about liberal education versus high tech training, people want to make sure their degree is worth every penny they spent on it. In a very practical way, college definitely serves the purpose of procuring a career but it is also essential to shaping productive members of society. When considering a higher education people often wonder if the potential contributions to humanity outweigh a guaranteed salary and if they are mutually exclusive. A survey of 400 employers conducted by a consortiumShow MoreRelatedThe Rising Cost Of College951 Words   |  4 PagesRegardless of what a student’s major is, college offers a person the knowledge that they will use throughout their entire life. It arms a person with skills such as communication, critical thinking, analytical capabilities, cultural literacy and leadership. John Henry Newman believed that acquiring such skills was the most important aspect of college and that its purpose was â€Å"training good members of society† (53). However opinions shifted on what the purpose of college is, people began to see it simplyRead MoreThe rising costs of college1169 Words   |  5 PagesYoshimasa Hirano Thomas Jordan Basic Composition 2/7/2014 The rising costs of college In the US, higher education is really important to succeed in the future. â€Å"In 2003, the typical full-time year-round worker in the United States with a four-year college degree earned $49,900, 62 percent more than the $30,800 earned by the typical full-time year-round worker with only a high school diploma† (U.S. Census Bureau). That means if you have a bachelor’s degree, you would get a better job and salaryRead MoreThe Rising Costs Of College Attendance1396 Words   |  6 PagesAs we are experiencing a time of rising student debt and high unemployment, how do we define a â€Å"right price† for higher education and what value does it hold? Annually, the federal Higher Education Act (HEA) currently provides up to $38 billion in loans to postsecondary education, $14 billion for programs and more than $10 billion in Pell Grants are awarded to college students. The Department of Education administers policies that are inclusive of and accountability for all levels of the systemRead MoreThe Rising Cost Of College Tuition855 Words   |  4 Pagesmoney through new technology platforms, and are the most educated generation of all time. Young adults are experience a higher level of poverty than any other age group. Young adults have been suffering greatly due to the rising cost of education and living. The cost of college tuition makes it even harder for them to achieve financial assistance. The amount of student loans debt in America is roughly around one point eight trillion dollars. Factors like the minimum wage also make it harder for youngRead MoreThe Myths Of Rising College Cost2366 Words   |  10 Pagesnational average of 20% between 2008 and 2012 (Hiltonsmith Draut, 2014). Higher education stakeholders, such as students, parents, public policy makers, have expressed their worries about the rising tuition as it has triggered a public concern about college affordability (Mumper Freeman, 2011). For public colleges and universities, it was the first time that they have witnessed that tuition as a share of total revenue surpasses the state funding for public institutions nationwide in 2012 (U.S. GovernmentRea d MoreRising Cost Of College Tuition2509 Words   |  11 PagesPower, Privilege Rising Cost of College Tuition in the U.S The increasing cost of higher education in the United States has been a continuing topic for debate in recent decades. American society emphasizes the importance of education after high school, yet the cost of higher education and advanced degrees continually rises at a greater rate than inflation in the 1970’s. According to the Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance, cost factors prevent 48% of college-qualified high schoolRead MoreRising Cost of College Textbooks1995 Words   |  8 PagesAsk any college student to state one of their largest expenses and it would be safe to bet the response would be â€Å"Textbook prices!† The cost of purchasing required materials for courses has reached numbers high enough to cause many students to take out second loans. Information released this year by the American Enterprise Institute shows that â€Å"College textbook prices have increased faster than tuition, health care costs and housing prices, all of which have ri sen faster than inflation† (KingkadeRead MoreThe Rising Cost Of College Tuition976 Words   |  4 Pagesyears, the soaring cost of college tuition has angered many students and parents, leaving many wondering where they will come up with the funds to pay. While college is still a pretty sound investment for most career paths, the cost of an education has outpaced general inflation by almost double, leaving many families simply unable to shoulder the fiscal burden without incurring large amounts of debt. How did we get to where we are today? A big part of it has to do with how colleges themselves haveRead MoreCollege Tuition And The Rising Cost Of Education Essay2116 Words   |  9 PagesCollege has been sold to the American people as the key to a better future. Complete the four-year degree program and watch oneself rise from the poverty of lower class to the white picket fence middle class dream. This may have been the case in the 1970’s, but college students today are facing over one trillion dollars in combined student loan debt (Denhart 3). In fact, the price of college has increased higher than any other good or service since 1978(Ivory Tower). With the cost of tuition skyrocketingRead MoreWhat are the Problems of Rising Cost in College Tuition?1323 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are the Problems of Rising Cost in College Tuition? College fee is the main factor that depends on which institution of higher learning that a student is likely to join unless awarded a scholarship. It directly depends on one’s financial capability. The poor afford the cheap and less desirable intuitions that they can be able to afford while the rich can get access to high class type of education. Policies exist that govern the ability of institutions increasing their fees and at the same

Ovarian Cysts During Pregnancy Free Essays

Ovarian Cyst during Pregnancy What are ovarian cysts? Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled, sac-like structures within an ovary. The term cyst refers to a fluid-filled structure. Therefore, all ovarian cysts contain at least some fluid. We will write a custom essay sample on Ovarian Cysts During Pregnancy or any similar topic only for you Order Now What causes ovarian cysts? Ovarian cysts form for numerous reasons. The most common type is a follicular cyst, which results from the growth of a follicle. A follicle is the normal fluid-filled sac that contains an egg. Follicular cysts form when the follicle grows larger than normal during the menstrual cycle and does not open to release the egg. Usually, follicular cysts resolve on their own over the course of days to months. Cysts can contain blood (hemorrhagic or endometrioid cysts) from injury or leakage of tiny blood vessels into the egg sac. Occasionally, the tissues of the ovary develop abnormally to form other body tissues such as hair or teeth. Cysts with these abnormal tissues are called dermoid cysts. What symptoms are caused by ovarian cysts? Most cysts are never noticed and resolve without women ever realizing that they are there. When a cyst causes symptoms, pain in the belly or pelvis is by far the most common one. The pain can be caused from rupture of the cyst, rapid growth and stretching, bleeding into the cyst, or twisting of the cyst around its blood supply. How are ovarian cysts diagnosed? Most cysts are diagnosed by ultrasound, which is the best imaging technique for detecting ovarian cysts. Ultrasound is an imaging method that uses sound waves to produce an image of structures within the body. Ultrasound imaging is painless and causes no harm. Cysts can also be detected with other imaging methods, such as CAT scan or MRI scan (magnetic resonance imaging). How can the physician decide if an ovarian cyst is dangerous? If a woman is in her 40’s, or younger, and has regular menstrual periods, most ovarian masses are â€Å"functioning ovarian cysts,† which are not really abnormal. They are related to the process of ovulation that happens with the menstrual cycle. They usually disappear on their own during a future menstrual cycle. Therefore, especially in women in their 20’s and 30’s, these cysts are watched for a few menstrual cycles to verify that they disappear. Because oral contraceptives work in part by preventing ovulation, physicians will not really expect women who are taking oral contraceptives to have common â€Å"functioning ovarian cysts. † Thus, women who develop ovarian cysts while taking oral contraceptives may be advised against simple observation; rather, they may receive closer monitoring with pelvic ultrasound or, less commonly, surgical exploration of the ovary. Other factors are helpful in evaluating ovarian cysts (besides the woman’s age, or whether she is taking oral contraceptives). A cyst that looks like it’s just one simple sac of fluid on the ultrasound is more likely to be benign, than a cyst with solid tissue in it. So the ultrasound appearance also plays a role in determining the level of suspicion regarding a serious ovarian growth. Ovarian cancer is rare in women younger than age 40. After age 40, an ovarian cyst has a higher chance of being cancerous than before age 40, although most ovarian cysts are benign even after age 40. CA-125 blood testing can be used as a marker of ovarian cancer, but it does not always represent cancer when it is abnormal. First, many benign conditions in women of childbearing age can cause the CA-125 level to be elevated, so CA-125 is not a specific test, especially in younger women. Pelvic infections, uterine fibroids, pregnancy, benign (hemorrhagic) ovarian cysts, and liver disease are all conditions that may elevate CA-125 in the absence of ovarian cancer. Second, even if the woman has an ovarian cancer, not all ova rian cancers will cause the CA-125 level to be elevated. Furthermore, CA-125 levels can be abnormally high in women with breast, lung, and pancreatic cancer. How are ovarian cysts treated? Most ovarian cysts in women of childbearing age are follicular cysts (functional cysts) that disappear naturally in 1-3 months. Although they can rupture (usually without ill effects), they rarely cause symptoms. They are benign and have no real medical consequence. They may be diagnosed coincidentally during a pelvic examination in women who do not have any related symptoms. All women have follicular cysts at some point that generally go unnoticed. A follicular cyst in a woman of childbearing age is usually observed for a few menstrual cycles because the cysts are common, and ovarian cancer is rare in this age group. Sometimes ovarian cysts in menstruating women contain some blood, called hemorrhagic cysts, which frequently resolve quickly. Ultrasound is used to determine the treatment strategy for ovarian cysts because if can help to determine if the cyst is a simple cyst (just fluid with no solid tissue, seen in benign conditions) or compound cyst (with some solid tissue that requires closer monitoring and possibly surgical resection). In summary, the ideal treatment of ovarian cysts depends on the woman’s age, the size (and change of size) of the cyst, and the cyst’s appearance on ultrasound. Treatment can consist of simple observation, or it can involve evaluating blood tests such as a CA-125 to help determine the potential for cancer (keeping in mind the many limitations of CA-125 testing described above). The tumor can be removed either with laparoscopy, or if needed, an open laparotomy (using and incision at the bikini line) if it is causing severe pain, not resolving, or if it is suspicious in any way. Once the cyst is removed, the growth is sent to a pathologist who examines the tissue under a microscope to make the final diagnosis as to the type of cyst present. Ovarian Cysts At A Glance Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled, sac-like structures. Ovarian cysts form for numerous reasons. When a cyst causes symptoms, pain in the belly or pelvis is by far the most common one. Most cysts are diagnosed by ultrasound. The treatment of ovarian cysts varies from observation and monitoring to surgical procedures. Case Study: Ovarian Cyst during Pregnancy I am 35 and 13 weeks into my second pregnancy. Four weeks ago, I went to the hospital for pain in my lower right quadrant. A sonogram showed a cyst on my right ovary, about 15cm. The doctor has had me in bed since then, and I have had two more sonograms. It hasn’t gone down. The doctors seem to think it is fluid-filled and not cancerous. Can cysts really go down on their own? How long should I wait to see if it will go down? Have you heard of any cysts this large during pregnancy, and do they pose a danger to the baby? Cysts (fluid-filled structures) can go down on their own, but it is unlikely a 15cm cyst in pregnancy will do so. Cysts are not that uncommon during pregnancy, affecting about 1 in 1,000 pregnant women. The vast majority of ovarian masses found during pregnancy are benign; the incidence of ovarian cancer is 1 in 25,000 births. Ultrasound can be helpful in determining if a mass is benign or malignant, but it cannot do so with 100 percent certainty. If ultrasound shows that the mass is strictly fluid-filled, without septation or thick walls, it is probably benign. The problem with large, even benign, cysts during pregnancy is that they may rupture or torse (twist on themselves). Either of these events leads to significant pain for mom and the potential for miscarriage or preterm labor and delivery for the baby. Large (more than 6-8cm) cysts are usually removed surgically if they do not decrease in size spontaneously over the course of a few weeks. In pregnancy, the best time to operate is in the second trimester, ideally around 14-16 weeks. Occasionally, a cyst may be dealt with via laparoscopy, but very large cysts often require a large, open incision. A 15 cm cyst is rather big, and the potential for complications like rupture is high. If it has remained for more than two weeks, I suggest you talk to your doctor about your option. Your doctor may have been just watching you for now, until you get out of the first trimester (the first 13 weeks of pregnancy). I have removed several masses this size during pregnancy, and all of my patients went on to deliver normal, healthy babies. How to cite Ovarian Cysts During Pregnancy, Essay examples

Forensic Entomology Biology and Systematics

Question: Discuss about the Forensic Entomology for Biology and Systematics. Answer: Introduction: One of the highly abundant and diverse group that is present in every corner of the globe is the group of insect. They only absent in certain extreme condition like the North Pole, South Pole, ocean areas and certain mountain tops which are distant from the coast. Among the animal and plant species known three quarter portion is comprised insect, it is around 80 percent of the animal species (Patan et al., 2014). There are more than one million of species of insect present. The insect also have fundamental role in the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. Both the food chain and the food web are dominated by the volume and number of the insect present. Though this group shows different astonishing diversity of the niches, habitats, behaviors and life styles (Morales et al., 2016). The shape of the body of the insect is almost constant and their body structure can be described by the conserved parts of the body of the insect. The size of the insect has a significant variation. The length may range from 0.2-300 mm. The most distinguishable characteristic of the insect body is the segmentation of the body which includes the three parts head, thorax and abdomen (Chen et al., 2014). The recent studies shows that there are 4-6 million of insect species present in the world. These groups of organisms are successful due to the extreme richness, high biomass and abundance. The fundamental reason behind this is the metameric segmentation of the body of the insect and their appendixes. The tracheal system allows the insects to grow much more larger than that permissible by the diffusion alone (Laidlaw, 2014). At around 800000 times more oxygen is provided by the trachea which the process of simple diffusion cannot provide. The small size of the insects is very advantageous because it allows shorter generation time. Hence, in a very short period several generations can be executed. This makes the insects more prone to the process of mutation which ultimately produces more phenotypic and genotypic variation. Furthermore this supports the insects to inhabit in variety of microhabitats such as plant, soil, and animals. Consequently, the availability of the niches have increased. The huge array of the interaction based on the evolution among the insect and plants and to the other organisms, which contributes to the formation of the great diversification. The insects efficiency of perceiving the environment is more than any other group of the terrestrial invertebrates (Huang et al., 2013). This function is due to sophisticated sensory and neuromotor systems in insects. The light and resistant e xoskeleton of the insect makes the flight possible, which enhances their mobility for a more efficient search of new environments and food in different types of habitats . Furthermore, it assists the insects to escape from flightless predators, allows migration and egg dispersal, and also assist the search for mates. The place of the insects in the general Zoological Classification Animalia The multicellular motile organisms, responsive to the external environment and feeding by consuming other organisms or parts of them, digesting that food in an internal chamber; undergoing blastula embryonic development. Arthropoda All members of Animalia having jointed external skeletal cuticle and jointed locomotory legs. Insecta All members of the Arthropoda having (in general terms) three functional body regions, 2 pairs of wings and three pairs of jointed locomotory legs. Diptera All members of Insecta having only the front pair of wings functional as flight appendages, having the hind pair reduced to balancing-sensory organs called halteres. Larvae soft bodied. Calliphoridae Those Diptera having: a spoon-shaped lower calypter hypopleural setae present post-humeral seta placed lower relative to the horizontal plane than the per-suturalseta Calliphora those Calliphoridae having: * lower part of parafacial without long setae * stem vein not setulose on upper surface (i.e. it is bare) * lower calypter with fine setulae on upper surface * costa bare on under surface beyond the junction with R1 3 post-suturalacrostichal setae, 1 pre-sutural +2 post-sutural intra-alar setae first flagellomere2 times as long as pedicel costa setulose on under surface from base to junction with R1 vicina those members ofCalliphorahaving: both calypters dark brown, at most with white margin a yellow-brown basi-costa orange anterior spiracle anterior two-thirds of gena orange setulae of gena all black The insect have witnessed the rise and the falloff the dinosaurs. They have maintained their position in the ecological pre-eminence for over 400 million years and survived the four major cataclysms which have caused planet-wide extinctions (Dobzhansky, 2013).The insect also thrive continuously despite of the best efforts of eradication done by the humans. The unique combination of the characteristic which as a whole have given the insect the advantage and ability to survive several unusual environmental conditions are as follows: Factors Effects EXTERNAL EXOSKELETON or CUTICLE The waterproof and Tough cuticle assists in protecting the insects from dehydration and the predators. RAPID REPRODUCTION The Insects have a very high evolving rate and they also possess the ability to make quick adaptation in respect to the changing condition of the environment. FLIGHT The flight helps the insect to escape from the enemiesand predator; it also assists the insect in finding food source and new habitat rapidly, and in establishing new colonies. WING FOLDING PROTECTION The Insects can fold their wings back along their bodies protect it under hard covering known as elytra. This process has helped them to use microhabitats of varied range like the crevices and cracks in dead wood, under stones, or inside leaf litter. This also meansthat the insectcould hide from predators by the help of reduced surface area (Lowe et al., 2013). INSULATED CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM The central nervous system insulation allows nerves to work proficiently. It permits the existence of the insect in hot or dry places. SIZE Small size permits adaptation to range of microhabitats for example a tree has provision for inhabiting variety of insect species. SHORT LIFE CYCLE This characteristic of the insect allows execution of new generations within a specific time for the evolution and selection to take place. VARIATION IN THE LIFE STYLE OF DIFFERENT STAGES Variation in different stages of life cycle of an insect (e.g. caterpillar to butterfly) decreases competition for resources within the species (Pieterse et al., 2012). SENSORY SOPHISTICATION The sensory capability of insect is superior to most other organisms. EVOLUTIONARY INTERACTIONS The interactions with other organisms leads to greater speciation and specialization and is also called as co-evolution ADAPTATION OF APPENDAGES Appendages such as wings, mouthparts and legs have become extremely specialized over time. Reference Chen, Y., Why, A., Batista, G., Mafra-Neto, A., Keogh, E. (2014).Flying insect classification with inexpensive sensors.Journal of insect behavior, 27(5), 657-677. Dobzhansky, T. (2013). Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. The american biology teacher, 75(2), 87-91. Huang, M., Wan, X., Zhang, M., Zhu, Q. (2013). Detection of insect-damaged vegetable soybeans using hyperspectral transmittance image. Journal of Food Engineering, 116(1), 45-49. Laidlaw, P. P. (2014). Virus diseases and viruses.Cambridge University Press. Lowe, T., Garwood, R. J., Simonsen, T. J., Bradley, R. S., Withers, P. J. (2013). Metamorphosis revealed: time-lapse three-dimensional imaging inside a living chrysalis. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 10(84), 20130304. Morales, M. G., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y., Hardy, N. B. (2016). ScaleNet: A Literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database, 2016, bav118. Patan, L., Hellbach, S., Krause, A. F., Arena, P., Drr, V. (2014). An insect-inspired bionic sensor for tactile localization and material classification with state-dependent modulation.Active Touch Sensing, 139. Pieterse, C. M., Van der Does, D., Zamioudis, C., Leon-Reyes, A., Van Wees, S. C. (2012).Hormonal modulation of plant immunity.Annual review of cell and developmental biology, 28, 489-521.